Lithium-ion batteries are a very complex system with many different decay mechanisms. It is very important to study the battery decay problem. Battery aging mechanisms and their modeling are key scientific issues in the field of battery research. The attenuation of capacity and power may be caused by a variety of complex side reactions. Factors such as the battery's design, production, and method of use can all have an impact on its side effects. This article provides a comprehensive overview of battery degradation over the entire cycle life. However, further research is needed on battery attenuation, especially for high-energy-density batteries with new chemistries, such as nickel-rich cathodes, lithium-rich cathodes, lithium-sulfur batteries, and all-solid-state batteries.

The battery aging effect can be divided into capacity decay and power decay, and the internal aging mode can be divided into LAM, LLI, LE and RI. Depending on the difference between the anode and the cathode, the relevant internal side reactions are reviewed. These side reactions may be directly affected by various factors such as battery design, production, and application. In order to prolong the life of the battery, the battery needs to be carefully designed. Model-based optimization methods can be used to reduce the occurrence of internal side reactions. In the production process, it is very important to ensure the quality of the battery, especially to control the uniformity of each process at the same time. When using the battery, it is necessary to control the temperature and voltage within the optimal operating range by designing the vehicle, battery pack, TMS and BMS algorithms. The charging current needs to be carefully controlled according to the internal anode potential to avoid the side reaction of lithium deposition.

The degradation of battery systems is complex, determined by the aging of individual cells and the evolution of system uniformity. The charge-capacity scatterplot can visually analyze the battery system status. Optimizing the design of cell pressure and cell balancing algorithms can help extend the service life of the system.