The off-grid solar photovoltaic power generation system is mainly composed of five parts: solar panels, battery packs, solar controllers, converters and monitoring systems. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic power generation system, and Figure 2 is a block diagram of the system. The functions and functions of each part are:

1. Photovoltaic panel: it is the core of photovoltaic power generation, and its function is to directly convert solar radiation energy into DC power supply load or store it in the battery.

2. Photovoltaic controller: Since the output of general monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels is a current source type, it cannot be directly output to the load and battery. It needs to be converted into a stable voltage or current acceptable to the battery through the photovoltaic controller. Realize the charging of the storage battery or supply the external load. The photovoltaic controller can also realize the overcharge and overdischarge protection function of the battery pack.

3. Inverter; if the output is required to be DC, the voltage of the battery can be converted into different DC voltages through this part to adapt to different load devices. If the output is AC, it can be converted into AC 220V (single-phase) and 380V (three-phase) through DC. For household use, this part generally purchases AC inverters.

4. Monitoring system: The main function of this part is to monitor the working parameters and working status of each part, and at the same time provide a man-machine interface.