One article to know in detail: knowledge popularization of photovoltaic industry
1. The principle of photovoltaic power generation
When a photon irradiates a metal photovoltaic module, its energy can be completely absorbed by an electron in the metal module. The energy absorbed by the electron is large enough to overcome the internal gravitational force of the metal and escape from the metal surface to become a photoelectron. That is the photovoltaic effect.
The photovoltaic power generation system is mainly composed of solar panels, DC/AC combiner boxes, photovoltaic inverters, measuring instruments, step-up transformers or AC loads, and monitoring equipment. The advantage of photovoltaic power generation is that it is not restricted by region, because the sun shines on the earth. The photovoltaic system also has the advantages of safety and reliability, no noise, low pollution, no need to consume fuel and erect transmission lines to generate electricity and supply power on site, and the construction period is short.
Second, the classification of photovoltaic power generation
1. Centralized power station: make full use of the abundant and relatively stable solar energy resources in desert areas to build large-scale photovoltaic power stations, connect to high-voltage transmission systems, and supply power for long-distance loads. It mainly includes insured-scale photovoltaic projects issued by various provinces, market-oriented photovoltaic projects issued by various provinces, and large-scale wind power photovoltaic base projects.
2. Distributed photovoltaic power station: Based on the building surface, it solves the user's electricity consumption problem nearby, and realizes the compensation and transmission of power supply balance through grid connection. Including industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic projects and household photovoltaic projects. Distributed small-scale grid-connected photovoltaic systems, especially building-integrated photovoltaic power generation systems, have become the mainstream support for grid-connected photovoltaic power generation in developed countries due to their advantages of small investment, fast construction, small footprint, and strong policies.
3. Photovoltaic power generation industry chain
Main industry chain: silicon powder→polysilicon material→silicon wafer→battery→module→power station
Auxiliary industry chain: ①Auxiliary materials: EVA, backplane, photovoltaic glass, frame, silver paste, conductive agent, cutting wire, etc.); ②Equipment: single crystal furnace, polycrystalline furnace, slicer, etc.; ③Power station: inverter , brackets, combiner boxes, junction boxes, etc.
Upstream: including the production of high-purity polycrystalline silicon materials, the manufacture of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon, and the production of silicon wafers;
Midstream: including photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic modules and inverters;
Downstream: It is the application side of photovoltaic power generation, including centralized power plants and distributed power generation, and also involves auxiliary materials such as photovoltaic glass, adhesive film, and brackets.
